Evolutionary Biology, Cell-Cell Communication, and Complex Disease

Even in this advanced age of genomics, the evolutionary process of unicellular and multicellular organisms is continually in debate. Dr. John S. Torday, one of the two authors of Evolutionary Biology, Cell-Cell Communication, and Complex Disease took the time to briefly discuss his book with us. Coauthored by Dr. Virender K. Rehanwhich, Evolutionary Biology hones in on the “why and how” of evolution by focusing on the cell as the smallest unit of biologic structure and function.

  • What made you originally decide to write Evolutionary Biology?

The writing of the book was prompted by a variety of factors. First, evolutionary-developmental biology was not taking advantage of the standard cell-molecular experimental methods of developmental biology. Second, the Human Genome Project was not catalyzing biomedical research, as was expected, for lack of an ‘algorithm’ by which to readily convert genes into phenotypes; since evolutionary-developmental biology is predicated on that process, the problem had to be addressed. Third, because lung developmental biology—the most successful scientific endeavor to translate basic science into clinical practice to date—was largely driven by the serendipitous discovery that hormones regulate this process. There is too much serendipity and anecdotal thinking in biology and medicine for lack of a unifying theory, and since ‘evolution is all of biology’ (Dobzhansky), that seemed the logical place to look.

  • Have you gained any insights from writing the book?

The key concept in the book is that evolution is a process that can be reduced to cell-cell signaling. By doing so, evolution becomes mainstream to all of biology, no longer requiring metaphoric thinking and expression to understand it. On the contrary, it makes evolutionary biology more accessible to mechanistic hypothesis testing using molecular tools. That is significant because as a result, evolutionary biology will now and forever be seen as relevant to the other biologic disciplines, and to medicine. Continue reading

Anti-Influenza Drug Uncertainties Continue

Incomplete availability of data has hampered a thorough assessment of the evidence for using the anti-influenza drug oseltamivir, a Cochrane Review has found1. However, after piecing together information from over 16,000 pages of clinical trial data and documents used in the process of licensing oseltamivir (Tamiflu) by national authorities, a team of researchers has raised critical questions about how well the drug works and about its reported safety profile. The new analysis shows inconsistencies with published reports, and describes possible under-reporting of drug-related side-effects in some published trial reports. While the drug did reduce the time to first alleviation of symptoms by an average of 21 hours, it did not reduce the number of people who went on to need hospital treatment. Results from the reanalysis of data also raise questions about how the drug works as an influenza virus inhibitor. Continue reading

Geology Today MINERALS and FOSSILS EXPLAINED

Attend Geology Today MINERALS and FOSSILS EXPLAINED Online Event, happening March 5-16, 2012!

Geology Today provides an essential read for all Earth Scientists, both amateur and professional. The Geology Today Minerals and Fossils 2012 Online Event presents the two highly acclaimed, curriculum-friendly article series Minerals Explained and Fossils Explained, in an entirely new format.

With the most important articles from the two series presented together for the first time ever, the Online Event will provide a means of accessing articles written by experts on major groups of fossils and minerals, and of engaging in online discussion with the Editor-in-Chief of Geology Today, Professor Peter Doyle, and other experts who will present the series.

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